US to remove South Africa and Rwanda from AGOA duty-free trade scheme

The United States plans to remove South Africa and Rwanda from the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), its main duty-free trade programme for African countries, from 1 January 2027.
What the US said
US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said on Monday, 2 November 2026, that President Donald Trump intends to end the two countries' participation in the scheme. According to reports, Greer said the President found that both governments were engaging in practices inconsistent with AGOA's eligibility rules, including barriers to American trade and investment and actions that threaten US security and foreign policy interests in the region.
South Africa's response
South Africa's trade ministry said it would support the sectors affected and would keep pursuing trade and investment with the United States. It said AGOA remains important but is not the whole of the economic relationship between the two countries.
What is at stake
AGOA, enacted in 2000, gives eligible African countries duty-free access to the US market for thousands of products. South Africa has been its largest beneficiary, exporting about $1.7 billion worth of goods under the scheme in 2025, mainly car parts, citrus fruit and wine. Rwanda's main exports include coffee and minerals.
Background
The Trump administration has taken a series of steps against South Africa, accusing its government of persecuting white South Africans, a claim Pretoria rejects. Nigeria remains an AGOA beneficiary, although its exports under the scheme are dominated by oil. Trade experts say the decision is a warning to other African countries that eligibility can be withdrawn.
- The suspension takes effect on 1 January 2027.
- South Africa exported about $1.7 billion under AGOA in 2025.
- South Africa says it will support affected industries.
